BASIC CHEMICALS – ORGANIC

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BENZENE

Benzene (C₆H₆) – a neutral aromatic hydrocarbon from the group of aryls.  It is a good solvent for waxes, fats, naphthalene and other non-polar chemical compounds. Benzene is a substrate for a number of compounds in organic synthesis.  It’s applications include, among others, production of:

•  plastics,
•  synthetic fibres,
•  colouring agents,
•  medicaments,
•  detergents,
•  pesticides.

It is also used to manufacture:

• aniline,
• phenol and acetone,
• maleic anhydride

The product is toxic and carcinogenic.

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METHANOL

Methyl alcohol or methanol commonly known as wood spirit and wood naphtha – the simplest, poisonous to humans, organic compound  from the group  of alcohols with the formula: CH₃OH. A colourless liquid mixing in any proportion with water, ethyl alcohol and ether. Obtained in a synthesis of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of zinc and chrome oxides or through oxidation of methane component in natural gas.

Applications:

• production of plastics and synthetic fibres
• production of formaldehyde
• production of adhesives and resins
• production of methyl esters
• as input in synthesis of a number of pharmaceutical goods and crop protection products
• as input for synthesis of methacrylic polymers used in production of water soluble paints, protective coatings and plastic profiles, i.e. car elements
• as an additive to fuel cells
• production of fluid for windscreen washers
• as solvent
• used as fuel or fuel component in internal-combustion engines (aeroplanes,motorcycles speedway, monster trucks, model hot bulb engines)

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SOLVENTS

Acetone  (C₃H₆O) – other names: dimethyl ketone, propanone. Organic compound from the group of ketones. It is a colourless liquid with high polarity. It has a characteristic strong smell. It is obtained catalytically  from isopropyl alcohol and acetylene.

Applications:

•  adhesives
•  various types of paint diluters
•  paints
•  cleaning and degreasing agents (removes    grease, paints and majority of soft plastics)
•  production of medicaments

ETHYL ALKOHOL / ETHANOL (C₂H₅OH) – organic chemical compound from the group of alcohols. For industrial applications sold in contaminated form (MEK, Bitreks). It is used as solvent in chemical industry and in pharmacy as well as an additive to fuels, ingredient of windshield washer fluids, glues, dispersion, flexography.

PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE / PHTHALIC ACID (C₈H₄O₃) – ortho-xylene based organic chemical compound. It can be liquid or solid (flakes). Used mainly in production of synthetic resins, plasticizers, dyes, in the paint and coatings industry.

MEK (CH₃C(O)CH₂CH₃)–other names: methyl ethyl keton, butanone. Organic compound from the group of ketones. It is a colourless liquid with high polarity. It has a characteristic strong smell. MEK demonstrates properties similar to acetone, but due to higher boiling point it evaporates more slowly.

Applications:

•  adhesives
•  various types of paint diluters
•  paints
•  cleaning and degreasing agents (removes  grease, paints and majority of soft plastics)

Xylene (C₈H₁₀)– other names: dimethylbenzene, methyl toluene, xylol. Organic compound from the group of aromatic hydrocarbons. Usually a mixture of three isomers: meta-, ortho-, para- .

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis (production of plastics, colouring agents, medicaments)
•   fuel additive
•   paints
•   various types of paint diluters

Toluene (C₆H₅-CH₃)- other names:  methylbenzene, phenylmethane.  Aliphatic- aromatic hydrocarbon, a colourless liquid with a characteristic smell, flammable, water soluble. Obtained in reforming of crude oil or fractional distillation of coal oil.

Applications:

•  chemical synthesis (production of plastics, colouring agents, detergents, explosives, medicaments)
•  fuel additive
•  paints
•  various types of paint diluters

Methylene chloride (CH₂Cl₂)– other names: dichloromethane. Organic compound from the group of alkyl halides. It is a colourless, quickly evaporating liquid. It has a characteristic sweet smell.

Applications:

•   synthesis
•   cleaning and degreasing agents (removes grease, paints and majority of soft plastics)

Hexane (C₆H₁₄)- organic compound from the group of  alkanes, non-polar. Obtained in refining of crude oil.  Industrial product usually contains about 50% of n- hexane by weight.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis
•   fuel additive

Heptane (C₇H₁₆)-  organic compound from the group of  alkanes, non-polar.

Applications:

•  chemical synthesis
•  fuel additive

Glycerine (C₃H₅(OH)₃)– other names: glycerol, propanetriol. A triol. Obtained as a by-product in vegetable or animal fat leaching or by transesterification during production of Biodiesel. A colourless,  viscous liquid with a slightly sweet smell.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis ( colouring agents)
•   coolants and brake fluids
•   beauty products (creams, soaps)
•   pharmacy (gels)
•   production of explosives
•   food industry

Ethyl acetate (CH₃COOC₂H₅)– other names: acetic acid ethyl ester. A colourless liquid with a characteristic, nice, fruity smell. A very good organic diluter, slightly soluble in water. Obtained in esterification reaction of ethanol and acetic acid or acetic anhydride.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis
•   adhesives
•   various types of paint diluters
•   paints
•   cleaning agents
•   preparation of aromatic compositions

Butyl acetate (CH₃COOC₄H₉)- organic compound, ester of acetic acid and n-butyl alcohol. A very good organic diluter, slightly soluble in water.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis
•   adhesives
•   various types of paint diluters
•   paints
•   cleaning and degreasing agents
•   preparation of aromatic compositions

THF (C₄H₈O) – other names: tetrahydrofuran, oxolane. It is a colourless liquid with a strong, irritating smell. Can be with water in any proportion.

Applications:

•   PTMEG synthesis
•   organic syntheses
•   PCW adhesives
•   degreasing agents

Phenol (C₆H₅OH)– other names hydroxybenzene, benzenol, carbolic acid. Organic compound, the simplest one in the group of phenols. At room temperature a solid crystalline. Appreciably soluble in organic solvents, slightly soluble in water.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis (production of phenol-formaldehyde resins, herbicides, fungicides and colouring agents)
•   disinfecting and germicidal formulations

Mono-ethylene glycol (C₂H₄(OH)₂)– other names: MEG, ethylene glycol, ethanediol. Organic compound, the simplest polyhydroxyl alcohol. A colourless liquid with hygroscopic properties.

Applications:

•   chemical synthesis (production of polyester resins, plasticizers)
•   coolants and air conditioning systems

Propylene glycol (C₃H₈O₂)– other names: MPG, monopropylene glycol, propane-1,2-diol. Organic compound from the group of dihydroxy alcohols. A colourless, viscous liquid with a faintly sweet taste. Unlike mono-ethylene glycol this compound is non-toxic.

Applications:

•   ecological coolers , air conditioning and heating systems
•   food industry (preservative, emulsifier, aroma carrier)
•   cosmetic industry (toothpastes, all types of emulsions, fragrance carriers)
•   pharmaceutical industry (carrier)